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<channel><title><![CDATA[Akzium - Blog]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog]]></link><description><![CDATA[Blog]]></description><pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 00:16:28 -0500</pubDate><generator>Weebly</generator><item><title><![CDATA[Proxmox Networking Linux Bridge vs OVS Bridge]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/proxmox-networking-linux-bridge-vs-ovs-bridge]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/proxmox-networking-linux-bridge-vs-ovs-bridge#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jun 2026 17:06:03 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Proxmox]]></category><category><![CDATA[Proxmox Linux Bridge]]></category><category><![CDATA[Proxmox Linux VLAN]]></category><category><![CDATA[Proxmox Networking]]></category><category><![CDATA[Proxmox OVS Bridge]]></category><category><![CDATA[Proxmox VLANs]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/proxmox-networking-linux-bridge-vs-ovs-bridge</guid><description><![CDATA[         Proxmox virtual switches and networking demystified: Trunk-mode Ports and Access-mode PortsOne common question regarding Proxmox network setup is WHICH of the options to use when creating Proxmox network interfaces when you need to pass multiple VLANs across a Trunk-mode switch port versus simple access-mode port setups. Here's a quick cheat sheet:Trunk mode required: Linux VLAN interfaces (eno1.10, bond0.20)Physical NIC (eno1)&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VLAN interface (eno1.10)&#9492;&#9472; [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/proxmox-network-01_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">Proxmox virtual switches and networking demystified: Trunk-mode Ports and Access-mode Ports<br /><br />One common question regarding Proxmox network setup is WHICH of the options to use when creating Proxmox network interfaces when you need to pass multiple VLANs across a Trunk-mode switch port versus simple access-mode port setups. <br /><br />Here's a quick cheat sheet:<br /><br /><u><strong>Trunk mode required:</strong></u> <br /><br />Linux VLAN interfaces (eno1.10, bond0.20)<br />Physical NIC (eno1)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VLAN interface (eno1.10)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; Linux Bridge (vmbr10)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNICs<br /><br />VLAN-tagged OVS IntPorts<br />Physical NIC (eno1)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; OVS Bridge (ovsbr0)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; OVS Port (eno1) &larr; uplink, trunk to switch<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; OVS IntPort (vlan10) &larr; internal port, tagged VLAN 10<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; Linux Bridge (vmbr10) &larr; optional, for VM attachment<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNICs<br /><br /><u><strong>Trunk mode optional</strong></u> These can run as simple access bridges or VLAN-aware bridges depending on how you configure them:<br /><br /><strong>Linux Bridges</strong><br />Physical NIC (eno1) &larr; trunk port on switch<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; Linux Bridge (vmbr0) &larr; VLAN-aware bridge<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; eno1 (uplink port, trunk)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VLAN 10) &larr; tagged or untagged per port config<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VLAN 20) &larr; tagged or untagged per port config<br /><br /><strong>OVS Bridges</strong><br />Physical NIC (eno1) &larr; trunk port on switch<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; OVS Bridge (ovsbr0) &larr; single bridge, all VLANs<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; eno1 (uplink port, trunk)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (port tagged VLAN 10)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (port tagged VLAN 20)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (trunk port, multiple VLANs)<br /><br />Access-mode switch port connections:<br /><br />A <strong>Linux Bridge</strong> itself can have multiple IP addresses (small configuration with management and corosync on the same bridge for example).<br /><br />Physical NIC (eno1) &larr; access port on switch (single VLAN)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; Linux Bridge (vmbr0) &larr; simple bridge, no VLAN awareness<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; eno1 (uplink port)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VM1)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VM2)<br /><br />vmbr0 &larr; bridge interface itself gets IPs<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; 192[.]168[.]10[.]1/24 &larr; primary IP (host management)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; 192[.]168[.]10[.]2/24 &larr; secondary IP (additional host service)<br /><br />An <strong>OVS Bridge </strong>is different than a Linux Bridge in that while OVS is just a Layer-2 virtual switch, you can't assign an IP directly to the OVS bridge itself, you need an OVS IntPort for that.<br /><br />Physical NIC (eno1) &larr; access port on switch (single VLAN)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; OVS Bridge (ovsbr0) &larr; single broadcast domain<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; eno1 (uplink port)<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; OVS IntPort (ovsbr0-mgmt) &larr; internal interface exposed to kernel<br />&#9474;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; 192[.]168[.]10[.]1/24 &larr; primary IP<br />&#9474;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; 192[.]168[.]10[.]2/24 &larr; secondary IP alias<br />&#9500;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VM1)<br />&#9492;&#9472;&#9472; VM vNIC (VM2)<br /><br />A <strong>Linux Bond</strong> or an <strong>OVS Bond</strong> can connect using Access Mode or Trunk Mode.<br /><br />Get this one decision right before you touch anything else, and the rest of your Proxmox network config starts to make a lot more sense.</font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[CISA SCuBA Goggles and SCuBA Gear]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/cisa-scuba-goggles-and-scuba-gear]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/cisa-scuba-goggles-and-scuba-gear#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 20:30:26 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[CISA]]></category><category><![CDATA[SCuBA Gear]]></category><category><![CDATA[SCuBA Goggles]]></category><category><![CDATA[Secure Baseline 365 GWS]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/cisa-scuba-goggles-and-scuba-gear</guid><description><![CDATA[         In 2023 the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA[.]gov) introduced their Secure Cloud Business Applications (SCuBA) project with two sub-projects: SCuBA Gear for M365 and SCuBA Goggles for Google Workspace.These secure configuration baselines (SCBs) for Microsoft 365 (M365) and Google Workspace (GWS) provide easily adoptable recommendations that complement an organization&rsquo;s unique requirements and risk tolerance levels. The baselines include automation features t [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/scubagoggles_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">In 2023 the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA[.]gov) introduced their Secure Cloud Business Applications (SCuBA) project with two sub-projects: SCuBA Gear for M365 and SCuBA Goggles for Google Workspace.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">These secure configuration baselines (SCBs) for Microsoft 365 (M365) and Google Workspace (GWS) provide easily adoptable recommendations that complement an organization&rsquo;s unique requirements and risk tolerance levels. The baselines include automation features to help federal agencies, businesses and organizations rapidly assess their M365 and GWS services.</span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"> </span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">ScubaGear&nbsp;is a no-cost assessment tool that verifies M365 tenant configuration alignment to the policies described in SCuBA&rsquo;s secure configuration baselines. CISA has made this tool and the baselines available to all agencies and private sector organizations seeking security improvements.&#8239;Visit CISA&rsquo;s&#8239;GitHub&nbsp;and&#8239;PowerShell Gallery&nbsp;to view the M365 baselines and download the ScubaGear assessment tool.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">ScubaGoggles&nbsp;is a no-cost assessment tool that verifies a GWS organization&rsquo;s configuration conforms to the policies in SCuBA&rsquo;s secure configuration baselines. ScubaGoggles provides a breakdown of security vulnerabilities in GWS, allowing organizations to see where changes should be made to their configuration. CISA has made this tool and the baselines available to all agencies and private sector organizations seeking security improvements. Visit CISA&rsquo;s&nbsp;GitHub&nbsp;or&nbsp;Python Package Index page&nbsp;to view the GWS baselines and download the ScubaGoggles assessment tool.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Source: CISA[.]gov:&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/services/secure-cloud-business-applications-scuba-project" target="_blank">https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/services/secure-cloud-business-applications-scuba-project</a></font><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"></span></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Deploying IBM Virtual HMC (vHMC) 11 on Proxmox]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/deploying-ibm-virtual-hmc-vhmc-11-on-proxmox]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/deploying-ibm-virtual-hmc-vhmc-11-on-proxmox#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 19:22:32 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[IBM vHMC 11]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/deploying-ibm-virtual-hmc-vhmc-11-on-proxmox</guid><description><![CDATA[    IBM Virtual Hardware Management Console 11 (vHMC-11) Dashboard Example     IBM only provides instructions for deploying the Virtual Hardware Management Console on KVM running on Red Hat or Ubuntu, neither of which will probably be running in most datacenters that have an IBM Power system.So, we undertook the task of figuring out how to deploy the new vHMC version 11 on Proxmox and the IBM instructions for KVM deployment are of no help for this endeavor. After downloading the ~6.8GB IBM vHMC  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image10-header_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">IBM Virtual Hardware Management Console 11 (vHMC-11) Dashboard Example</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">IBM only provides instructions for deploying the Virtual Hardware Management Console on KVM running on Red Hat or Ubuntu, neither of which will probably be running in most datacenters that have an IBM Power system.<br /><br />So, we undertook the task of figuring out how to deploy the new vHMC version 11 on Proxmox and the IBM instructions for KVM deployment are of no help for this endeavor. After downloading the ~6.8GB IBM vHMC tar.gz file, you'll need to unzip to a folder, resulting in a nearly 13GB .tar file. Don't try to expand this file unless you have about 510GB (yes, gigabytes) of extra disk space on your PC. If you DO have that extra space, the .tar file expands into a 500GB disk1.img file and four other files (see image below)</font></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-kvmtararchive_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">Files in the IBM vHMC 11 for KVM tar archive</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">If you have the extra disk space on the PC to expand the .tar file you can then use WinSCP to secure copy the file over to the Proxmox server, again taking care to make sure you have enough disk space (510GB EXTRA Gigabytes) to /tmp or /var/tmp. <br /><br />In our case, we needed a "bridge" to park the expanded tar archive so we elected to use a NAS storage device that supported both SMB/CIFS as well as NFS 4.x. <br /><br />&#8203;Then, on the Proxmox server we mounted the shared folder as an NFS mount on the Proxmox server (see image below) which created three subfolders: images, import, and template . After mounting the shared folder on the NAS to the PC and using an archive extraction tool we unzipped the files to the shared folder's subfolder named IMPORT.</font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image2_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">Proxmox - mount NFS storage</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">Next, you need to create a virtual machine definition on the Proxmox server, but on the tab for Disk you remove the default disk, creating a VM definition with CPU, RAM and networking but no pre-provisioned disk space. Now that the VM is created, notate the VM ID number, in our example here the ID is 101.<br /><br />Now, we will use the QM IMPORTDISK command to convert the disk1.img file into a Proxmox QEMU disk image file. <br /><br />&#8203;Select the Proxmox server node you want to use for the import, click on &gt;SHELL to get a command line, and navigate to the mounted NFS share:<br /><br />cd /mnt/pve/vz/INSERT_NFS_NAME_HERE/import<br /><br />If you do a ls -la command you will see the files extracted from the .tar file</font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image3_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">List of files from vHMC .tar archive</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">The syntax for the import command is as follows:<br /><br />qm importdisk VMID /LOCATION_OF_img_FILE/disk1.img TargetStorageName<br /><br />In our example the command is as follows, which places the converted .img file onto our internal ZFS storage array:<br /><br />qm importdisk 101 /mnt/pve/synnas01/import/disk1.img pxmxsvr1ZFS<br /><br /><strong>***(remember, do NOT leave the SHELL environment until the import is COMPLETE or it will abort the command)***</strong></font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image4_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">qm import disk command example to import .img file</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">Once the disk1.img file has been imported you can go back to the Proxmox manager and select your VM and go to the Hardware tab. You will see a device name Unused Disk 0.</font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image5_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">Click on the Unused Disk 0 and select EDIT from the top menu, which will initiate the Add Unused Disk wizard. Click on ADD and the imported disk will now be added to the new vHMC virtual machine.</font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image6_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"><font size="3">Once this process is complete, you can edit any other VM hardware items as needed. The base vHMC image configures four (4) network adapters within the virtual machine. Eth0 is intended to be the management interface and Eth1 is the primary interface for the HMC port vLAN. In smaller environments your vHMC and the Power System HMC port may be configured on the same VLAN. Adjust the quantity of network adapters as needed. IBM's default recommendation is for (4) virtual CPUs and 16GB of RAM. <br /><br />Once these items are modified as necessary, there is one more order of business to tend to: adjusting the BOOT ORDER of the devices so that the VM will boot when you start it. <br /><br />&#8203;Navigate to Options -&gt; Boot Order, and check the box for Enabled next to the scsi0 disk, then grab the hamburger menu next to the #3 and drag the scsi0 device to the top of the boot order list. Then click OK.</font></span></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image7_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">Change VM virtual disk boot order</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">Click on START to power on your new vHMC virtual machine and then &gt;Console to watch the boot process. Once the boot cycle completes (yes, it takes FOREVER to boot) then you can log into the management GUI (hscroot / abc123) and begin the configuration process for setting up the network(s) devices. <br /><br />&#8203;Your mouse will NOT work on the two initial setup questions that pop up, you will need to use the keyboard arrow keys and the TAB key.<br />&#8203; </font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">*note: network changes will not take effect until the vHMC is rebooted.</font></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image8_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">IBM vHMC 11 login screen</div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ibm-hmc-image9_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">IBM vHMC 11 Main Dashboard</div> </div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Multiple DHCP Scopes in Windows Server DHCP]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/multiple-dhcp-scopes-in-windows-server-dhcp]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/multiple-dhcp-scopes-in-windows-server-dhcp#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Thu, 05 Feb 2026 22:52:05 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[DHCP]]></category><category><![CDATA[DHCP Scopes]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/multiple-dhcp-scopes-in-windows-server-dhcp</guid><description><![CDATA[         If you're using a Windows server as a DHCP server, you can configure multiple DCHP scopes for different VLANs.&nbsp;There are two main concepts to understand for this setup:&nbsp;1) Each scope needs a route to reach the intended VLAN via the route setting in the scope;&nbsp;2) Your core switch that controls your VLAN settings needs to have a "helper IP" set to know where to route DHCP requests on each VLAN. In addition to these settings, the DCHP server's assigned VLAN and static IP add [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/dualdhcpscopes101_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">If you're using a Windows server as a DHCP server, you can configure multiple DCHP scopes for different VLANs.&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><br /><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">There are two main concepts to understand for this setup:&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><br /><font size="3" color="#2a2a2a">1) Each scope needs a route to reach the intended VLAN via the route setting in the scope;&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><br /><font size="3"><font color="#2a2a2a">2) Your core switch that controls your VLAN settings needs to have a "helper IP" set to know where to route DHCP requests on each VLAN. In addition to these settings, the DCHP server's assigned VLAN and static IP address must have the ability to reach each VLAN segment that it is serving via inter-VLAN routing if the DCHP server only has a single network interface.<br /><br />So, don't put your DCHP server on a VLAN with other servers or devices that should not be reachable by endpoint devices that it is servicing for DCHP requests. For example, don't put your DCHP server on your servers VLAN and have it serve up DCHP requests for your Guest Wifi VLAN.<br /><br />Also, just a quick note about the Filters setting. <strong style="">Filters are applied to the entire DHCP server instance, not on a per-scope basis</strong>. If you enable ALLOW filtering, only those MAC addresses listed in the Allow filter list will get an IP address via DCHP. All other DHCP requests will be denied. If you enable DENY filtering, any MAC address in the Deny filter list will be denied an IP address while all other devices will be assigned an IP.</font><br /></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Installing Uptime Kuma on Ubuntu 24.04]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/installing-uptime-kuma-on-ubuntu-2404]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/installing-uptime-kuma-on-ubuntu-2404#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2025 15:27:06 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uptime Kuma]]></category><category><![CDATA[Uptime Kuma Ubuntu Install]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/installing-uptime-kuma-on-ubuntu-2404</guid><description><![CDATA[       These instructions assume the installation of Ubuntu 24.04 has already been done. The example USERID for the Ubuntu login will be UbuntuUser. The example USERID for the Uptime Kuma admin screen will be KumaAdmin. Adjust instructions accordingly.Log in to the Ubuntu instance and launch a terminal window.In our example, this will put us in the /home/UbuntuUser folder.Verify your folder ID by typing pwd at the terminal command promt&nbsp;sudo apt-get update -ysudo apt-get upgrade -ysudo apt- [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/uptime-kuma-howto-18_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">These instructions assume the installation of Ubuntu 24.04 has already been done. The example USERID for the Ubuntu login will be UbuntuUser. The example USERID for the Uptime Kuma admin screen will be KumaAdmin. Adjust instructions accordingly.<br /><br />Log in to the Ubuntu instance and launch a terminal window.<br />In our example, this will put us in the /home/UbuntuUser folder.<br />Verify your folder ID by typing pwd at the terminal command promt&nbsp;<br /><br />sudo apt-get update -y<br /><br />sudo apt-get upgrade -y<br /><br />sudo apt-get install nodejs -y<br /><br />sudo node -v to check the nodejs installed version<br /><br />sudo apt-get install git -y<br /><br />sudo git clone https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma.git<br /><br />You can verify the git clone process by typing ls -l at the prompt which should now show an uptime-kuma folder<br /><br />sudo apt-get install npm --no-install-recommends<br /><br />at the /home/InsertUserIDHere prompt type: cd uptime-kuma<br /><br />sudo npm run setup<br />*this will install uptime-kuma<br /><br />sudo npm install pm2 -g</font><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">**PM2 is a production process manager for Node.js applications with a built-in load balancer. It allows you to keep applications alive forever, to reload them without downtime, and to facilitate common system admin tasks.</span><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">sudo pm2 install pm2-logrotate</font><br /><br />*You should see output similar to the image below:&#8203;</div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/pm2logrotateinstallscreen1_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a"><font size="3">Verify your location is still /home/InsertUserIDhere</font><br /><br /><font size="3">cd uptime-kuma</font><br /><font size="2">*type pwd to verify location is /home/InsertUserIDHere/uptime-kuma</font><br /><br /><font size="3">sudo pm2 start server/server.js --name uptime-kuma</font></font><br /><br /><font color="#626262" size="2">*You should see output similar to the image below:</font></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/startuptimekumapm2_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">If you do not see this output, then type:<br /><br />sudo pm2 status<br /><br />Now, type:<br /><br />sudo pm2 startup<br /><br />sudo pm2 save<br /><br />cd /etc/systemd/system<br /><br />sudo nano pm2-root.service<br /><br />find the line labeled Environment=PATH=....<br /><br />go to the end of the line<br /><br />add the following:&nbsp; :/home/InsertUserIDHere/uptime-kuma/server</font><br />*note: be sure to include the : and do not put a space after the end of the previous entry on the line<br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a"><font size="3">Ctrl+O to write file edits to disk. Ctrl+X to exit nano editor</font><br /><br /><font size="3">Now, we'll install the Nginx web server:</font><br /><br /><font size="3">sudo apt-get install nginx -y</font><br /><br /><font size="3">sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/kuma.conf</font><br /><br /><font size="3">Add the following lines:<br />&#8203;<br />server {<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;listen 80;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;servername kuma.example.com;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;location / {<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proxy_pass&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; http://localhost:3001;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proxy_http_version&nbsp; 1.1;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proxy_set_header&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Upgrade $http_upgrade;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proxy_set_header&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Connection "upgrade";<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proxy_set_header&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Host $host;<br />&nbsp; &nbsp;}</font></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a" size="4">}</font><br /><br />Ctrl+O to write file to disk. Ctrl+X to exit nano editor.<br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a" size="3">Now, copy the kuma.conf file to /etc/nginx/sites-available folder by typing:<br /><br />sudo cp /etc/nginx/conf.d/kuma.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/kuma</font><br />*note: leave the .conf off of the target filename<br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a"><font size="3">Now, create a symbolic link in the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled folder to the kuma file in the /etc/nginx/sites-available folder<br /><br />sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/kuma /etc/sites-enabled/kuma<br /><br />Verify the link by:<br />cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled<br />sudo ls -la<br />There should be a kuma symbolic link file in the /etc/nginx/sites-enabled folder<br /><br />Remove the Nginx default website link<br />cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled<br />sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default<br />sudo ls -la&nbsp;<br /><br />Reboot the host:<br />sudo reboot&nbsp;<br /><br />Now, you should be able to navigate within the Kuma host linux system using a browser to:<br />http://localhost:3001<br /><br />This will bring up the initial setup Kuma administrator login screen.<br /><br />**NOTE:&nbsp; Be careful in choosing your admin USERID here as there is not a simple process for changing this ID once it is created and written into the SQLlite database.</font></font></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/kumainitilaloginscreen1_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Remove Ghost Network Adapters in Windows]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/remove-ghost-network-adapters-in-windows]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/remove-ghost-network-adapters-in-windows#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2025 19:01:36 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Ghost Network Adapters]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/remove-ghost-network-adapters-in-windows</guid><description><![CDATA[         Ghost adapters left behind by physical-to-virtual conversions have been an issue since the early days of virtualization. The Great VMWare Exodus has brought this issue back into the limelight as Broadcom customers begin to abandon VMware in favor of more customer-friendly Type 1 Hypervisor companies. If you're preparing to migrate a VMware virtual machine over to, let's say a KVM-based Type-1 Hypervisor environment, there are several preparation steps that should be undertaken, the firs [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/devmgr-ghost-adapters12312_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><span><span><font size="3">Ghost adapters left behind by physical-to-virtual conversions have been an issue since the early days of virtualization. The Great VMWare Exodus has brought this issue back into the limelight as Broadcom customers begin to abandon VMware in favor of more customer-friendly Type 1 Hypervisor companies.<span> </span><br /><br />If you're preparing to migrate a VMware virtual machine over to, let's say a KVM-based Type-1 Hypervisor environment, there are several preparation steps that should be undertaken, the first of which will be to change the network adapter from a static IP addresss to a DHCP address, and to remove the VMware Tools. If you forget to remove VMware tools prior to conversion, the converted VM may not boot. If you forget to manipulate the network LAN adapter settings, you could end up with a "ghost" adapter, one that has entries in the Windows registry, but that does not show up in device manager. If you also forgot to change the static IP address to a DHCP address, the static IP could be "trapped" by the ghosted adapter and Windows will give you error messages saying another adapter already has that IP address.<br /><br />Here's how to "reveal" those ghosted adapters so you can clean up the mess left behind by a hypervisor platform migration.<br /><br />1. Launch a command prompt as administrator in the VM.<br />2. Run: set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1 (press enter)<br />3. Launch Device Manager (devmgr.msc)<br />4. In Device Manager -&gt; View select "Show Hidden Devices"<br />5. Scroll down to Network Devices and expand<br />6. Ghost adapters will be greyed out - right click and Uninstall<br />7. Select Action -&gt; Scan for Hardware Changes to refresh device list<br />8. Repeat as necessary until all ghost adapters are removed<br /><br />Windows OS Hub has a write-up on this process here:<span> </span></font></span></span><font size="3"><a href="https://woshub.com/remove-hidden-ghost-network-adapter-windows/" target="_blank">https://woshub.com/remove-hidden-ghost-network-adapter-windows/</a></font><br /><br /><span><span><font size="3">Interworks has a blog post about the topic here:</font></span></span><br /><a href="https://interworks.com/blog/ijahanshahi/2014/08/21/removing-hidden-device-device-manager/" target="_blank"><font size="4">https://interworks.com/blog/ijahanshahi/2014/08/21/removing-hidden-device-device-manager/</font></a><br /><br /><span><span><font size="3">The official VMware-to-Proxmox conversion instructions are here:<span>&nbsp;</span></font></span></span><br /><font size="3"><a href="https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Migrate_to_Proxmox_VE" target="_blank">https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Migrate_to_Proxmox_VE</a></font><br /><br /><span><span><font size="3">Scale Computing has their own SC//Migrate toolkit to make VMware to Scale migrations easy:<br /></font></span></span><font size="3"><a href="https://www.scalecomputing.com/resources/sc-migrate-data-sheet" target="_blank">https://www.scalecomputing.com/resources/sc-migrate-data-sheet</a></font><span><span></span></span><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Windows Server Change Time Commandline]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-server-change-time-commandline]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-server-change-time-commandline#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2025 19:36:32 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[NTP]]></category><category><![CDATA[Time Server Change]]></category><category><![CDATA[Windows Time]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-server-change-time-commandline</guid><description><![CDATA[         Ever join a server to the domain and forgot to change the time zone beforehand, then the Time Zone GUI change options are greyed out? There's a way around that using either a command line option or via PowerShell. Option1: Invoke CMD as administratortzutil /g (displays current time zone)tzutil /l (displays all time zone options)tzutil /s "Central Standard Time" (sets time zone)tzutil /g (to verify change)Option2: Invoke Powershell as administratorGet-TimeZoneGet-Timezone -ListAvailableS [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/ntpserverchangetime1_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Ever join a server to the domain and forgot to change the time zone beforehand, then the Time Zone GUI change options are greyed out? There's a way around that using either a command line option or via PowerShell.</span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"> </span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Option1: Invoke CMD as administrator</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">tzutil /g (displays current time zone)</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">tzutil /l (displays all time zone options)</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">tzutil /s "Central Standard Time" (sets time zone)</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">tzutil /g (to verify change)</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Option2: Invoke Powershell as administrator</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Get-TimeZone</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Get-Timezone -ListAvailable</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Set-Timezone -Id "Central Standard Time"</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Get-TimeZone<br />&#8203;</span></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Add email aliases to personal Gmail accounts]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/add-email-aliases-to-personal-gmail-accounts]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/add-email-aliases-to-personal-gmail-accounts#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 14 Apr 2025 23:43:24 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Alias Gmail]]></category><category><![CDATA[Gmail Alias]]></category><category><![CDATA[Gmail Email Alias]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/add-email-aliases-to-personal-gmail-accounts</guid><description><![CDATA[         Creating email aliases for work emails is common, but did you know you can also create emails aliases for your (at)gmail(.)com email address using Gmail+ email aliases? Example: if your email is bobsmith(at)gmail you can create an alias email such as bobsmith+myamazonorders(at)gmail, use that alias for receiving emails and they will come to the inbox for your primary email account.Here are the steps:1. Log in to your personal gmail account in a browser2. Go to the Settings gear icon at  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/65dcd968374e5b015b552072-gmail-trick-v5_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Creating email aliases for work emails is common, but did you know you can also create emails aliases for your (at)gmail(.)com email address using Gmail+ email aliases? Example: if your email is bobsmith(at)gmail you can create an alias email such as bobsmith+myamazonorders(at)gmail, use that alias for receiving emails and they will come to the inbox for your primary email account.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Here are the steps:</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">1. Log in to your personal gmail account in a browser</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">2. Go to the Settings gear icon at the top right</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">3. See all settings</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">4. Go to the Accounts and Import tab</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">5. Navigate down to Send Email As section</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">6. Click on Add another email address</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">7. The the email address box type your email addres and a + sign and whatever you want to add to it (ex: bobsmith+myamazonorders(at)gmail, but use the actual at sign. LinkedIn keeps trying to link when I attempt to use it in a post.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">8. Make sure the "Treat as an alias" box is checked</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Now you can use this alias email as a filter or in some cases to sign into a website that is having problems directing you do different sign-in functions using the same email address.<br /><br /></span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">MailMeteor has a good write-up outlining the steps here:&nbsp;</span><a href="https://mailmeteor.com/blog/gmail-alias" target="_blank">https://mailmeteor.com/blog/gmail-alias</a><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"></span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Streak has a blog post about the process here:&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.streak.com/post/gmail-plus-addressing-trick" target="_blank">https://www.streak.com/post/gmail-plus-addressing-trick</a><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"></span><br /><br /></font><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">*kudos to Streak for the cool graphic below this post.&nbsp;</span><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"><br /><br /></span></font><br /></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Easy File Server Migrations]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/easy-file-server-migrations]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/easy-file-server-migrations#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Mon, 07 Apr 2025 23:26:40 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[file server migrations]]></category><category><![CDATA[File Server Registry Key]]></category><category><![CDATA[File Shares Registry key]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/easy-file-server-migrations</guid><description><![CDATA[         The registry key that contains all of the shares and share permissions on a Windows file server is located: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Sharesand the Security subkey. You can export this key set from your current file server, mount the shares data drive to a new server with an updated OS and import this registry key to restore all of the shares and their associated permissions. Since you've moved the data drive to the new server, all files  [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:right"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/fileserverregistrykey1_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">The registry key that contains all of the shares and share permissions on a Windows file server is located: Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\</span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Shares<br />and the Security subkey. You can export this key set from your current file server, mount the shares data drive to a new server with an updated OS and import this registry key to restore all of the shares and their associated permissions. Since you've moved the data drive to the new server, all files retained their NTFS permissions. Also, this detach/re-attach process assumes you're not using DFS.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">So, step by step (assuming you're doing this in a virtual environment):</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">1) Create new VM with virtual HDD for OS</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">2) Install new OS, patch, update, etc. (Do not join to domain yet)</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">3) Export registry key from old file server</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">4) Copy registry key file to new file server</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">4) Unjoin old file server from domain</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">5) Change server name and IP address of old file server and shut down</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">6) Detach data volume virtual disk from old file server</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">7) Change server name and IP address of new file server to match old server and reboot sever</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">8) Join new file server to domain</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">9) Attach data drive virtual disk to new file server and mount with same drive letter as it had on the old file server</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">10) Import registry key from old file server</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">11) Reboot new file server</span><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Instructions for Exporting Registry Key from old server:</font></font><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Navigate to:<br />Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\</span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Shares<br />Right click on Shares in the left-side view window<br />Select Export<br />Name file. Example: filesharesexport.reg<br />copy this file to the new server</span><br /><br /><font size="3"><font color="#2a2a2a">Instructions for Importing Registry Key to New Server:</font><br />Open Registry Editor on the new server.&nbsp;<br /><span style="color:rgb(119, 119, 119)">Go to File &gt; Import</span><br />Navigate to the location where you copied the .reg file.&nbsp;<br />Double-click the .reg file to start the import process.&nbsp;<br />You may be prompted to confirm the import, click "Yes" to proceed.&nbsp;<br />The registry key will be added to the registry on the new server.&nbsp;<br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">At this point your new file server has the data volume mounted from the old file server and the shares permissions have been imported. I'll make a separate post on some ways to consolidate the new VM data files with the old server data virtual disk into a single folder.<br /><br />*edit: One problem we have become aware of in using this process is the shared folder OWNER permissions. If the shared folder on the source system is OWNED by a LOCAL administrator user, the NTFS and share permissions of the sub-folders WILL NOT be applied on the target system. Local user \\Server1\Administrator is NOT the same as local user \\Server2\Administrator, even though the names are the same. To "fix" the issue, we changed the OWNER of the root folders on the source system to a DOMAIN admin user with local admin rights on the source and target servers. After that change, the sub-folder permissions were applied properly on the target system after the .reg key import. This is also a problem if sub-folder permissions were granted using local users instead of domain users on the source host.<br /><br />If you are migrating a physical file server to a virtual machine, or possibly migrating a VM-based file server to an new VM on a different platform, you can create a root shared folder on the target system, map a drive to the shared folder from the existing file server, and use a robocopy job to copy the data to the new server.</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Example1: robocopy e:\rootshare r:\remoteshare /e /copy:datso /z /MT:128<br /><br />Example 2: robocoy e:\rootshare r:\remoteshare /mir /z /MT:128 /LOG+:logfilename.log<br />&#8203;<br />After the copy job finishes and is validated, export the registry key that stores the share permissions data from the existing file server and then import the exported .reg file into the new file server's registry.</font><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">I recently had a customer's file server boot drive MBR record get irreparably corrupted. We mounted the boot volume to the new file server as a data disk, used the remote registry mount utility to mount the \Windows\System32\Config\SYSTEM registry file and export the shares registry key. When you use the remote mount utility you have to give it a temporary name. Thus, when you export the key the registry file header data has the temporary name in the (2) header paths instead of the correct header path names. We had to correct those using notepad to edit the .reg file two header data paths as follows before attempting to import the shares key into the new file server.</span><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)"> </span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Shares]</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Shares\Security]</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Don't forget to change the notepad save settings to *.* to preserve the .reg file extension.<br /><br />Link to all Robocopy Commands:&nbsp;</span><a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/robocopy" target="_blank">https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/robocopy</a></font></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Windows 11 24H2 Bypass Microsoft Account Requirement]]></title><link><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-11-24h2-bypass-microsoft-account-requirement]]></link><comments><![CDATA[https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-11-24h2-bypass-microsoft-account-requirement#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2025 21:40:55 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[BypassNRO]]></category><category><![CDATA[Windows 11 Developer Console]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.akzium.com/akziumblog/windows-11-24h2-bypass-microsoft-account-requirement</guid><description><![CDATA[         Microsoft is removing the OOBE\BYPASSNRO.cmd command from the Windows 11 installer in yet another attempt at forcing every Windows 11 PC to have a Microsoft online account. The good news is that NeoWin is reporting that there's another workaround available.1. Start Windows 11 SetupBegin the Windows 11 Setup Process.Select your region and keyboard layout.2. Stop at the Secondary Keyboard Layout ScreenWhen you reach the Secondary Keyboard Layout screen, DO NOT click Skip.3. Open the Devel [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="https://www.akzium.com/uploads/6/5/1/1/6511561/bypassnro-not-working_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-spacer" style="height:50px;"></div>  <div class="paragraph"><font size="3"><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Microsoft is removing the OOBE\BYPASSNRO.cmd command from the Windows 11 installer in yet another attempt at forcing every Windows 11 PC to have a Microsoft online account. The good news is that NeoWin is reporting that there's another workaround available.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">1. Start Windows 11 Setup</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Begin the Windows 11 Setup Process.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Select your region and keyboard layout.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">2. Stop at the Secondary Keyboard Layout Screen</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">When you reach the Secondary Keyboard Layout screen, DO NOT click Skip.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">3. Open the Developer Console</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Press Ctrl + Shift + J to open the Developer Console.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Your screen will go dark and will appear with a prompt (indicated by a &gt; symbol) at the top left of the screen.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">4. Enter the Restart Command</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Type the following command exactly as shown:</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">WinJS.Application.restart("ms-cxh://LOCALONLY")</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Note: This command is case-sensitive. You can use Tab-completion to help:</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">After typing WinJS.A, press Tab to auto-complete Application.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">After typing res, press Tab to auto-complete restart.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">5. Exit the Developer Console</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">After entering the command, press Enter to execute it.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Press Escape to exit the Developer Console and return to the OOBE interface.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Note: If the Escape key doesn't close the Console, click anywhere on the screen to ensure the console is focused and then press the key again.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">6. Local Account Setup</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">The Secondary Keyboard Layout screen will refresh, and a Windows 10-style local account setup screen will appear.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Enter your desired username, password, and security questions and click Next.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">7. Complete the Setup</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">The Setup will go black and will then log you in to your newly created account. Allow Windows 11 a few moments to configure the user.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Continue with the remaining privacy setting prompts.</span><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Once finished, you will have successfully created a local account in Windows 11.</span><br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Here's a link to the write-up on NeoWin:&nbsp;</span>https://www.neowin.net/news/forget-bypassnro-a-new-internetaccount-bypass-during-windows-11-installs-already-exists/<br /><br /><span style="color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)">Here's a fiery Reddit thread discussing the disappearance of the BypassNRO command from the Windows 11 installer ISO:&nbsp;</span>https://www.reddit.com/r/pcmasterrace/comments/1jmgia4/microsoft_is_removing_the_bypassnro_command_which/&#8203;</font></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>